Essay – Big Fish

Big Fish M Krause 02/27/13 Production: Columbia Pictures, 2003 Producer: Bruce Cohen/Dan Jinks Director: Tim Burton Screenplay: Daniel Wallace (novel), John August (screenplay) Cinematography: Philippe Rousselot Editing: Chris Lebenzon Music: Danny Elfman Principal Characters: Ewan McGregor Ed Bloom (Young) Albert FinneyEd Bloom (Senior) Billy CrudupWill Bloom Jessica Lange Sandra Bloom (Senior) Helena Bonham CarterJenny (Young)/Jenny (Senior)/The Witch Alison LohmanSandra Bloom (Young) Robert GuillaumeDr. Bennett (Senior) Marion CotillardJosephine Bloom Matthew McGregoryKarl the Giant David DenmanDon Price (Age 18-22) Missi Pyle MildredLoudon Wainwright IIIBeaman Typical of Tim Burton films, Big Fish is full of interesting elements of fantasy, exaggerated reality, and other time periods or worlds. Most interesting is how Tim Burton seems to always use such separate elements and weave them into films with great continuity, the same is true for Big Fish. Through creative use of narrat ive advancement, period costuming, and two complete casts of characters (one playing the younger versions and one playing the older versions of people) Burton is able to tell the story of Ed Bloom and his crazy life which is chock full of tall tales and interesting people he met along the way.While there was no shortage of bright colors and oddball characters typical of Burton-esque mise en scene (Danny Devito as a werewolf for example), there was more of a story to Big Fish than found in other films by this director. In an article from 2004 critiquing what was at the time the newest in the Tim Burton library of films, author Beth Deters stated â€Å"With Big Fish, curiously enough, the opposite holds true — story prevails over images. The narrative proves far richer than the visual style that depicts it. † (Beth Deters, Worldpress).Honestly, viewing the film twice might not be enough to understand every element and catch every thread of symbolism in this film, the goo d thing is that Big Fish is entertaining enough to watch multiple times, especially if you are a fan of Tim Burton. The screenplay is effective even with all of the jumping around from present day to the past and is only enhanced by spectacular editing and symbolism. Even with the fantasy elements and symbolism intertwined, the story has a great relaxed flow to it, one reviewer stated â€Å"Since this is a film about tall tales, the structure is quite different from Burton’s other work.You never know when or where the story is going to go next, which is part of the film’s charm. †(Arran McDermott, www. timburtoncollective. com) The main protagonist of the film is of course Edward Bloom. He is, in a way, constantly trying to entertain everyone around him with his tall tales and means no harm to anyone in doing so, however through his storytelling, he unintentionally drives a wedge between himself and his son. Edward is also by far the roundest character of the fi lm.Even though his whole life, it seems Edward Bloom has done many acts of kindness for strangers and friends alike, his own son cannot appreciate him the way he should. Throughout this film, we see much character development for young and old Edward Bloom – from a young man who becomes the hero of his town to a family man and finally to his deathbed and beyond. We understand his view of the world through watching his struggles and experiences along the way. Edward Bloom literally is Big Fish. There is no real defined antagonist in Big Fish, however, society/expectations/external forces could all be antagonists in this film.For example, after Sandra and Edward finally get together as a couple, Edward is shipped off to the war and has to fight his way back to his love along with the help of two very colorful, Asian Siamese twins all the while Sandra thinking he is dead. He needs to overcome that obstacle to make it back to Sandra and continue along in his life. Even before tha t after he sees Sandra for the first time, Edward is forced go to work for Amos Calloway in the circus in order to even find out more about his love and how to contact her, this is another antagonist in his way. The foil in this movie is Edward Bloom’s son Will.He is judgmental against his father, yet in the end turns out to be the most like him in the whole movie. Throughout much of the film, Will dislikes and purposely doesn’t tell stories in a rebellious act toward his father (it seems). Even Edward himself says to Will’s wife that it was good that Will had never shared with her the story of how he met Will’s mother because â€Å"He would have told it wrong anyway, all of the facts and none of the flavor†(Edward Bloom, film). Will’s dry, serious character provides a stark contrast to Edwards colorful one and his fantastical stories.The most telling fact about these two is that Will turns out to be a writer, albeit at first a reporter, but a writer nonetheless. This is also the underlying principal conflict in the film, father vs. son, fantasy vs. reality and it is only resolved by the character of Will doing some digging about the stories to understand his father better and discovering the threads of reality interwoven into the fantasy stories he has been told since he was a child. He never appreciated his father until he was almost gone and by the time he realizes his mistake it is almost too late.To the contrary, an example of a confidant and a fairly static character (besides becoming pregnant in the course of the movie) is Josephine Bloom. She, unlike her husband, enjoys the stories that Edward tells and believes there is more truth to them than her husband is giving them credit for. The town of Spectre is an example of foreshadowing in the film Big Fish. When Bloom first comes across Spectre, it is a town which is almost ethereal (read Heaven-like), there are no roads just soft grass and no one wears shoes. It is then described that he arrived at this town â€Å"too early†.The next time we see Spectre, it has become gloomy and dark and is falling apart. Edward takes it upon himself to buy up the town and â€Å"fix it†. The contrast between Spectre’s downfall and Bloom’s bad health represents how one would right themselves religiously to prepare for heaven and foreshadows the idea that Edward passes on by the end of the film. It is also stated in the film that after Edward left Spectre, he never returns and â€Å"the story ends where it began†(Jenny-Senior, film). Additionally, Spectre is described as â€Å"feeling so strange, but so familiar† which is what could be interpreted by the mainstream what Heaven is believed o like. There are two mise en scenes in this movie, there is one in the present day which is typical of any generic film with present day clothing and normal camera tones and backdrops. There is also the mise en scene of the fantasy world which seems to be filmed using a brighter, overexposed film to show the difference. The clothing being worn by the characters in the fantasy world are brighter, the characters themselves are stranger, and the backdrops of a different time period. There is a stark contrast between the two and that plays into part of the story.The two are only tied together in the end during the funeral scene when Karl the giant, the Siamese twins and various other characters from Edwards past come to pay their respects. One scene in particular has a great deal of symbolism, both implied and spoken, it is also one of the most beautiful of the film. When Josephine and a senior Edward are speaking of the first time Edward sees his love, he describes time standing still – in this moment in the film, Edward is at the circus and spots Sandra from across the room. Everything freezes (literally) just as is being described) the scene shows everything stop†¦except Edward Bloom.He then moves t oward his love, even pushing popcorn which is stopped in mid-air and literally walking through (read jumping through) hoops to reach his love. And then just as he is about to reach her, time starts up again and moves even faster (again just as he is describing), and she disappears. The symbolism of Edward stepping through the hula hoop to be interpreted as â€Å"jumping through hoops† is so important and beautiful. The literal interpretation was so amazing and unexpected, the viewer could see literally what falling in love was like.The music is particularly effective in this movie, almost in an expected way. Too much music could have been overpowering, but there was just enough and timed correctly throughout the film. From Buddy Holly in the middle of the film when Edward is going to find his love, to traditional â€Å"end of the movie† music, to the ending credits with Pearl Jam (a soundtrack can’t get more poignant than Pearl Jam). The soundtrack really added another dimension to the film and increased its likeability and made it easier for the viewer to relate.The editing in this movie was spot-on and it had to be with all of the back and forth between two worlds and two sets of characters. The movie seamlessly weaves together both the stories and provide a flowing, continuous story which keeps the viewer entertained from the first scene describing â€Å"The Beast† (film). The pacing has a smooth, even keel to it – Burton somehow manages to keep the viewer at the edge of their seat, sometimes literally leaning forward in anticipation, while still keeping a calm feel throughout the entire film.The pacing of the film literally charms the viewer into accepting the images on the screen. The transitions in this film are especially magical, starting with something reality based and moving to a fantasy element, repeat. Each perfectly timed and taking the viewer back in time tell one of Edwards fantastical stories, one more magica l than the last until the grand finale where the transition isn’t even anticipated because the son takes over the storytelling (Will).Another aspect, the cinematography, is flawless and best described in this quote â€Å"Director Tim Burton uses cinematography to create a believable fantasy world. With bright colors and flawless shots, viewers feel as if they are in a dream. This other worldly feel helps viewers imagine that the events could actually be true. †(www. bookrags. com[->0]) . Big Fish transports the viewer to Edward Bloom’s imagination and makes even the craziest ideas seem tangible such as escaping from the war with Siamese twins or saving a town by befriending a giant.What a fabulous film to view as a final selection. Visually beautiful, emotionally moving, and thought-provoking. Works Cited Big Fish. Tim Burton. Columbia Pictures. 2003. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Big_Fish http://jordanfogerson. wordpress. com/2012/02/28/tim-burton-narrative-st ructure/ http://yaledailynews. com/weekend/2004/01/16/tim-burton-doesnt-quite-reel-in-a-big-fish/ http://www. bookrags. com/films/bigfish2003/styleandcinematography. html http://www. timburtoncollective. com/bigfish. html http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0319061/? ref_=fn_al_tt_1 [->0] – http://www. bookrags. com

Winston Smith ~ Character Outline

Katie Kukay Wednesday Sept. 10 OutlinePd. 9 Winston Smith From 1984 by George Orwell Thesis: Winston Smith is an average man living in totalitarian-ruled London, where he must fight to keep control of his own thoughts and his own mind. I. Winston shows his rebellious side early in the book. A. He illegally writes in a diary, writing DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER multiple times. B. At Two Minutes Hate, he tells us his actual thoughts on the society he lives in. C.He is certain the Party member O’Brien is also a part of the rebellion. II. He falls in love with Julia. A. Julia secretly passes Winston a note the reads I love you. B. Winston and Julia start a love affair, which would result in death if they were caught. III. O’Brien betrays Winston and Julia. A. O’Brien tells Winston that he is a part of the rebellion too. B. O’Brien is soon revealed as a member of the Party, pretending to be against the Party in order to trap Winston and Julia. C.Winston is sent to th e Ministry of Love. IV. Winston learns to accept the Party’s ways. A. O’Brien tortures Winston, and Winston gives away all his secrets. But he does not betray Julia. B. O’Brien realizes Winston still has not betrayed Julia, so he sends him to the dreaded Room 101. C. In Room 101, they use Winston’s worst fear, rats, to break him. He finally betrays Julia, and they let him go. V. Winston no longer has any rebellious thoughts. He loves Big Brother, and no longer loves Julia.

Black Widow Spiders Essay Research Paper Adult

Black Widow Spiders Essay, Research Paper Adult black widow spiders have a glistening, black, rounded, round venters and are about 1/3 inch long ( about 1-1/2 inches when their legs are spread ) . Adult spiders have two ruddy or xanthous trigons on their underside which expressions like an hourglass marker, and their organic structure colour is dark colored normally black or sometimes dark brown. They are normally recognized because of their ruddy or reddish-orange hourglass design on the underside of their venters. This form is mutable and may look like two detached musca volitanss. In some spiders there is no form on the venters. The immature phases of both sexes of the widow spiders have red or red-orange or xanthous musca volitanss and strips on the top of their venters. Females are coloured grey or pale brown. Their colour gets darker as they get older. The hourglass form on the bottom of the venters signifiers throughout their development. Male widow spiders are smaller about 1/4 inch long, and they # 8217 ; re normally non black in overall colour, alternatively it looks like a light brown or grey. Male widows have an hourglass form excessively. When they are adult they have big knob-like forms called pedipalps, which start from the caput. But to females they still look the same. Newly hatched spiderlings are white or a yellow-white, finally turning blackish when they get older. Adolescents of both sexes look like the male. Black Widow spiders build loose and uneven mesh-type webs of unsmooth silk in dark topographic points normally out-of-doorss. And construct their webs near the land ( sometimes inside of houses ) but chiefly they build them outside. Blacken Widows can be found near the land in dark undisturbed countries. Nest sites are close holes made by little animate beings, or around building gaps and woodpiles. Besides they can be found around low bushs which are usual sites for widow spiders. Black widows are besides found indoors in dark undisturbed countries like behind furniture or under desks and in undisturbed cellar countries and crawl infinites of places are countries where black widow nests are. They don # 8217 ; T bring forth a web like the weaving spiders do or the funnel form webs that the funnel weaver spider # 8217 ; s make. The female ballads eggs in satiny cocoon pouch about 1/2-inch in breadth. The poke is a pear shaped, and is a creamy yellow, light grey, or light brown in colour. They normally lay about 300 to 400 eggs per pouch and have 4 to 9 egg pouch made during a summer. But merely 1 to 12 immature survive after the egg incubation period of approximately 14 to 30 yearss because of cannibalism. Growth requires 2 to 4 months depending on handiness of quarry during which the females shed 6 to 8 times and the males 3 to 6 times. Females mature 92 yearss after the egg pouch outburst and populate for approximately 179 yearss, while males mature 71 yearss after outburst and unrecorded for 30 yearss. Because normally the female chows the male after they mate. But sometimes if females are good fed, the males acquire off to copulate for another twenty-four hours. The females hang belly upward and really seldom leave the web. In cold conditions and drouths it can do these spiders to travel into edifices. Prey caught in the web include a many different insects ( cockroaches, flys, and beetles ) and other arthropods. The female black widow is diffident and normally merely goes out at dark. But when she leaves her web she normally goes far off from her the web. Outbreaks of black widows occur away and on. Some old ages an country may hold 1000s of widows and the following twelvemonth they may be gone. Certain sorts of home grounds such as sand dune countries may hold black widows every twelvemonth. Alternating warm and cold conditions during the winter and spring months are harmful to their endurance. The venom of the black widow spider is 15 times every bit toxic as the venom of the prairie rattlesnake. However, merely a little sum of the toxin is injected with a individual bite by the spider, while the comparatively big sum of injected rattler venom consequences in approximately 15 to 25 per centum mortality among those bitten. The badness of a individual # 8217 ; s reaction to the bite depends on where you were bitten, sum of venom injected and the deepness of bite. When a black widow spider spots you it injects a toxin that affects the nervous system. At foremost, there may be merely little swelling and two swoon ruddy musca volitanss surrounded by inflammation at the bite. Pain may be intense in one to three hours and could stay for up to 48 hours. Pain normally starts from the bitten limb up or down the arm or leg and so curtail in the venters and back. Besides musculus and thorax hurting or stringency in those countries are some common reactions to a black widows toxin. The hurting can besides distribute to the venters which causes cramping and sickness. The abdominal musculuss may go stiff and board-like with terrible spasms. There can be trouble your musculuss and colloidal suspensions of the pess and your palpebras may go swollen. Other symptoms include restlessness, anxiousness, external respiration and address trouble, shudders, purging and sudating. Swelling can be noticed in appendages and palpebras but seldom at the topographic point where you are spot. Besides there is a sense of uncomfortableness after you are bitten, and some symptoms addition in badness during the first twenty-four hours after you are bit. But symptoms normally get better after two to three yearss but some mild symptoms can go on for several hebdomads after you have recovered. The bite that is normally the most unsafe a female bite. Although it is really painful, human deaths from untreated black widow bites are uncommon. During 1926 to 1943, decease ranged from 4 to 5 per centum, but current medical interventions have reduced this to a smaller per centum. Death normally consequences from respiratory palsy. Peoples with a history of high blood force per unit area are at the greatest hazard. But immediate medical intervention can cut down the danger from widow bites and has reduced human deaths to really low rates in recent old ages. However, this spider is considered the most deadly spider in North America. If you are bitten stay composures, acquire the spider, if you can for positive designation and because of the possible badness of black widow bites you should acquire immediate medical attending is of import. If you apply an antiseptic such as I or H peroxide prevents infection. Doctors can shoot Ca gluconate to assist the effects of the toxin so it is less harmful. This helps support degrees of Ca salts that are low by the effects of a bite. You can besides acquire black widow antiserum. Since the toxin moves rapidly through the organic structure seeking to suck out the toxicant doesn # 8217 ; T work. Peoples younger than 16 and older than 60, particularly those with a bosom status might hold to remain at a infirmary. The black widow spider is diffident and normally non aggressive and bites can be rare even when there are tonss of them. The grownup female spiders normally stay in their webs unless they have to because of the temperature or if their web gets destroyed. They do non seek for nutrient and they eat the insects they acquire in their webs and are eaten when they get to them. Human bites go on when the spider is supporting their web if it is brushed against or by chance pinched. Occasionally, bites occur from hungry widow spiders when a manus or pes is flopped in forepart of the nest. Before there was indoor plumbing bites were usual in privies, normally on the males genitalias. To command the job of black widows check countries in and around your place where black widows may be found. If you find one it can be killed by oppressing or hoovering the Wednesday and spider, utilizing protective manner. Increasing the sum of visible radiation in dark countries besides can deter spiders. Besides insect powders can work for spider control but it doesn # 8217 ; t command all spiders. If you do set down insecticide put it in the dark undisturbed countries where spiders are normally found. Insecticides besides can be used to halt spider migrations into houses by spraying around the exterior of the foundation and lower narrative Windowss. Do it before cold conditions because that forces spiders into places to happen protection. The insecticide chlorpyrifos is the most widely used merchandise to command spiders around the house. Chlorpyrifos remain effectual for several hebdomads if is non exposed to visible radiation and wet. But pyrethrin is used specifically for black widow spiders. To assist forestall anyone from acquiring harmed by black widows, you should state everyone in your household to larn about black widows so they can place and avoid them. It is besides a good thought to have on baseball mitts and a long-sleeved shirt when working in spider infested countries. Remove rubbish, old boxes, hemorrhoids of timber, old rubble hemorrhoids and other unwanted things from under or around houses and outbuildings. Make non travel barefoot or manage firewood without baseball mitts. Put up screens on doors and Windowss to forestall them from acquiring in. Sealing wax or caulk clefts and crannies where spiders can acquire in the house. And wash off the exterior of the house or edifice particularly around window Wellss and other undisturbed topographic points where they build webs. There are besides several other sorts of widow spiders. I listed them below and briefly gave you some information. Although there are three distinct species, they portion similar physical and life-history features. The grownup female # 8217 ; s organic structure is normally 0.5 inch long, with a bright ruddy marker resembling an hourglass on its bottom. The male is much smaller, with a length of.25 inch and about four bright ruddy point markers on its sides. The male is diffident and seldom seen by worlds. The females are by and large non aggressive unless they see a menace or are guarding an egg pouch. All three species of black widow live in close propinquity to worlds, and each species shows a distinguishable penchant for non merely a specific home ground, but besides its peculiar nesting country. The eastern black widow, which builds its web near to the land, is found chiefly in woodsheds and woodpiles, but it has besides been found in Parkss, particularly around the legs of picnic tabular arraies. The western black widow builds its nests higher up and is normally found in gardens, particularly on shrubs, every bit good as in picnic countries, where it colonizes the bottoms of picnic tabular arraies. Although the western black widow is more normally found in these slightly natural countries, the species has besides been discovered in extremely urbanised locations. The northern black widow, while keeping some propinquity to worlds, lives by and large in undisturbed wooded countries, every bit good as around rock walls, trees, and tree stumps, and is about neer found associated with a house. The western black widow, Latrodectus evening star ranges from extreme southwesterly Canada, south into Mexico, and east to west Texas. Hesperus is the common black widow of the western United States, and it is abundant in countries of Arizona, California, and other western locations. One of the most normally places where it is found is in natural home grounds for illustration is in abandoned gnawer holes, but it can besides be found around peoples houses, even in the downtown territories of many western U.S. metropoliss. The western widows general visual aspect is really similar to the southern widow it has the hourglass marker and is normally shaped like a perfect hourglass, but it is divided into two seperate musca volitanss. Like its southern cousin, the western widow it causes a big figure of bites, largely in the southern locations. The Northern Widow, Latrodectus variolus, is the 3rd black widow found in the United States. It is found from utmost southeasterly Canada, throughout the New England provinces, and south to northern Florida. It prefers undisturbed wooded countries, rock walls, stumps, and similar home grounds. The hourglass of the northern widow is normally divided into two separate, linear markers. This species is most common in the northern portion of its scope. While its venom is really similar to that of the southern and western widows, and bites make occur, it does non look to seize with teeth worlds every bit frequently as those species. The Red Widow, Latrodectus bishopi, is a U.S. species with a restricted scope, being found merely in palmetto fronds of sandy, scrub-pine parts of cardinal and southern Florida. This spider is instead brilliantly colored, with ruddy legs and cephalothorax ( fore-part of the organic structure ) , and a black venter with orange and white markers down the dorsum and sides. The hourglass normally consists a individual ruddy elongate marker. Small is known of the bite of the ruddy widow, but its venom is likely rather toxic to mammals. The Brown Widow, Latrodectus geometricus, is a cosmotropical species, found in most tropical havens around the universe ; it is an introduced species in Florida. Color may change, but is normally brown to gray, with white and black markers on the dorsum and sides of the dorsal venters: The hourglass is normally complete. This species is frequently found on or around human habitations and other edifices. While decidedly deadly to worlds, bites be given to be less terrible than those of most other widow spiders. The Malmignatte or European Black Widow, Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus, is the common widow spider of southern Europe ( northern Mediterranean ) . It is black, with a series of ruddy markers on the dorsal venters. The malmignatte is a important medical job in assorted parts of its scope. In Herzegovina ( the former Yugoslavia ) this spider reportedly causes a big figure of bites each fall in field workers reaping grain by manus. The redback spider, Latrodectus mactans hasselti, is found throughout Australia, and in some Southeast Asiatic states. It is black, with a distinguishable ruddy ( sometimes pink or light Greies ) taging on its dorsal venters. Like most widow spiders, it harbors a extremely toxic venom, and is considered a species of clinical significance. Similar species are found in South Africa. As for if it is presently confronting any jobs in its environment, no 1 knows their exact Numberss but they are far from extinction, even if every spider was killed that was found by a individual. And that is my study on the black widow spider

The Impact of Perceived Organizational Justice on Contextual Dissertation

The Impact of Perceived Organizational Justice on Contextual Performance for the Employees in Al-Ayuni Company - Dissertation Example The following research deals with the concept of organizational justice, which is increasingly gaining importance in corporate spectrum. Employees’ perception about level and the nature of justice and fairness in an organization influence their performance, level of job satisfaction and trust towards management. Organizational justice can be defined as perception of employees in relation to fairness in decision-making, interactions, outcomes and procedures in relation to the organizational management. These perceptions are so powerful that they can alter one’s attitude for good and ill as numerous organizational conflicts have repeatedly shown that the an organization is as good as its employees. The strength of an organization remains in how well organized is the management structure and how transparent is the management towards the employees regarding any ongoing, past or upcoming issues within the organization. Along with this, it can influence employees’ perf ormance both negatively and positively and thus can have direct impact on organization’s success. It is also a part of sound managerial practices and its successful application brings fruitful results for the organization. The importance of organizational justice increase manifolds, especially considering the economical challenging environment of today’s highly competitive world. Any organization that is not fair and transparent while making decisions has few chances of sustaining in today’s market environment. ... In the last, research methodology of the dissertation is elaborated which is based on survey through questionnaire. 1.2 Background of the Dissertation The following dissertation deals with the concept of organizational justice, which is increasingly gaining importance in corporate spectrum. Employees’ perception about level and the nature of justice and fairness in an organization influence their performance, level of job satisfaction and trust towards management. Organizational justice can be defined as perception of employees in relation to fairness in decision-making, interactions, outcomes and procedures in relation to the organizational management (Colquitt, Greenberg and Zapata-Phelan, 2005). These perceptions are so powerful that they can alter one’s attitude for good and ill as numerous organizational conflicts have repeatedly shown that the an organization is as good as its employees. The strength of an organization remains in how well organized is the manageme nt structure and how transparent is the management towards the employees regarding any ongoing, past or upcoming issues within the organization. Along with this, it can influence employees’ performance both negatively and positively and thus can have direct impact on organization’s success. It is also a part of sound managerial practices and its successful application brings fruitful results for the organization. The importance of organizational justice increase manifolds, especially considering the economical challenging environment of today’s highly competitive world. Any organization that is not fair and transparent while making decisions has few chances of sustaining in today’s market environment. When employees feel

Cloud computing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cloud computing - Research Paper Example A cloud can either be public cloud (it is made available to public on a pay-as-you-use manner) or a private cloud (owned and operated by an organization) or a hybrid cloud (a combination of the two). Many consider cloud computing as a metaphor to Internet. Although the technology behind the concept is not new, the concept has seen development of many business models built around it in the recent past. Some of the companies building business around cloud computing are: Amazon, Microsoft, Google, Salesforce, Dell, Hewlett Packard, IBM, AppNexus and Apple. The recent past has seen increase in significant number of cloud computing models. These categories defined the component of the IT system that is on the cloud. The three most popular categories of cloud computing currently in the market are: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Cloud Computing model where companies offer web-based access to storage and computing power. ). This model is also referred to as â€Å"Hardware as a Service†. Examples of services provided in an IaaS model include: CPU cycles, grids or clusters, virtualized servers, network equipment, or storage software. The end-user has control over the operating systems, storage and deployed applications. Amazon is the first mover in providing such services: Amazon (Elastic Compute Cloud and Simple Storage Service). Platform as a Service (PaaS): Platform as a Service enables consumers to develop applications and tools and run them. The offering removes the consumer’s headache of maintaining the operating system, server hardware, load balancing and computing capacity. Microsoft’s Azure platform and Salesforce’s force.com are example of such services. Software as a Service (SaaS): Software as a Service comprise of applications that are accessible from various devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser. These applications are generally developed and hosted by the SaaS vendor. This implies that no

LEADERSHIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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Microbiology of conjunctiva Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Microbiology of conjunctiva - Essay Example Bacterial conjunctivitis is the most frequent ocular infection in the developed world accounting for up to 2% of annual consultations in primary care. 1,2,3 Although clinical course of bacterial conjunctivitis is often benign and self-limited 4, antibiotics has been shown to reduce the symptomatic period. 5,6 Antibiotic treatment may also limit spread of the causative bacterial strain that is frequently contagious and thus they may prevent epidemics.7 Choice of antibiotics is often empirical although the decision should be based on knowledge of common causative bacteria and their resistance profile. Emerging antimicrobial resistance and developing pattern of bacterial findings makes the choice of empiric treatment increasingly challenging. Diagnostic difficulties may lead to needless use of antibiotics 8,9 which may further stimulate resistance of bacteria even in extraocular sites. 10 Selection of antibiotics in treatment of bacterial infections in general must be adjusted according to prevailing bacterial properties. Worldwide emergence of multi-resistant bacteria, such as Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is obvious. Activity of fluoroquinolones against some common ocular pathogens, for example, is also in jeopardy. 11 Bacterial findings in infants and older children have been well established and effectiveness of all local antibiotics has been demonstrated. 4, 12,4,13 Role of Streptococcus pneumoniae, for example, has also been documented in outbreak settings. 14 Distribution of bacterial isolates and differences in their resistance profile in conjunctivitis in different age categories of population, however, is not equally well characterized. The present study aims in defining distribution of pathogenic bacteria and their in vitro sensitivity in conjunctivitis amongst age groups. METHODS Patient population and conjunctival samples We analyzed data of consecutive 1139 conjunctival bacterial isolates

Why are ethics in sex research important Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why are ethics in sex research important - Essay Example For example, confidentiality is a key issue in sex research and it is enhanced when ethics are observed during the data collection process (McLaughlin 69). Ethics in sex research also help in gaining the support of the public for the research being conducted. Ethical behavior ensures that researchers observe integrity and conduct high quality research, as a result of which the public can fund such an initiative since it is being conducted with adherence to the set standards. Adherence to ethics in sex research is also important since it contributes to the promotion of social and moral values. While conducting sex research, it is essential to respect human rights, observe the law, as well as be socially responsible. In addition, it is important to ensure that the health and safety of the subjects being used in the research are guaranteed. When there are ethical lapses during sex research, the human subjects taking part in the research will be harmed and this is morally wrong (Ritzer and Ryan 546). Ethics in research are also vital since they help researchers to avoid discriminating their subjects. As an ethical obligation, researchers should treat all subjects equally and avoid discriminating some subjects when conducting research. Observing the code of ethics is also crucial in sex research since it enables researchers to abide by the law. Moreover, adherence to norms of research is an indication that the researchers are competent and the research results are valid and reliable. Respect for ethics is a prerequisite for professionalism and competence when conducting research. When researchers observe ethics during sex research, they manage to respect the dignity of humans, autonomy, as well as privacy of the subjects involved in research. In addition, ethical conduct enables researchers to take the necessary precautions, especially when dealing with vulnerable subjects (McLaughlin 70) When conducting sex research, there are a number of

Having someone to represent you means not acting for yourself. How, Essay

Having someone to represent you means not acting for yourself. How, then, does representative democracy facilitate the participation of the people - Essay Example However, various countries have various forms of governments. Many have democratic systems, while others are having kingships. Democracy allows the people of the nation to choose their representative, which they think can fully put forward their views and concern at a first place. A proper election system is established in those countries and people are allowed to cast their vote against shortlisted candidates. The candidates achieving majority of the vote declares victory and has then the authority to have the command over the country ship from then on (Shughart, pp.157-159. 2003). The elected one is assumed the spokesperson and the way-looker for the nation and has to fulfill certain responsibilities. Having a person or a representative group of people working for some larger number of people is required because it helps to maintain the status quo at a first place which otherwise would result in a chaos, and on the other hand it is needed to unite the scattered and diverse group of people under one roof. Moreover, various institutions, apart from residents, also work under the core circle of a nation set of hierarchy. These institutions may include Hospitals, Security Departments, commercial houses, and educational institutions, which also have their demands and requisitions over the governing bodies. Smooth operations within institutions need a structural framework that is followed by both, people working in the organization as well as the people getting advantage from them (for example, clients or customers). Such operations are always headed by a single governing body, which is formed by professionals from integrated departments and working under mutual consent to carry forward all the needed tasks. Similar is the case with a whole country. Taking country as a bigger institution, aimed at giving its people a contributive environment for living also needs a representative body.

Main Character Of The Novel Essay Example for Free

Main Character Of The Novel Essay Throughout the book, we see that George Elliot has a distinct pre-occupation and interest with presenting the working class rural community in an authentic light. She writes the book as a social anthropologist, studying the more primitive community of the time. She has a large amount of sympathy towards the poor, although she herself was not a member of the working class. Using the story as a vehicle she aims to expose the plight and indignity of the poor in Victorian England, it was her main motive. Therefore, her focus throughout the book is in fact village life; in this case a fictional village named Raveloe. Focusing on the villagers, their attitudes and their way of life acts as a way of also commenting socially and politically on the injustices they face. Raveloe can easily be regarded as the main character as without it, the narrative following Silas has little significance. The village shapes the narrative, being responsible for most of the major areas of interest in the tale. All the individual characters provide interest and together form the character of the town, from characters such as Dunsey to Dolly. The story begins with a sympathetic description of the honest folk of Raveloe. Our first real source of interest in the novel comes from the villagers hostile reaction to Silas. We are initially told about Silas through the eyes of the villagers. Elliot echoes the villagers process of thought and way of speech throughout the novel, namely at the beginning. The sound of Silas loom is described as questionable and he is said to have a dreadful stare. She is mimicking the mannerisms and phraseology of Raveloe as a whole and its reaction to the unknown. Silas mechanical method of working on the loom is seen as un-natural by the villagers, who can only judge him on their own experiences, centred round farming and agriculture. Due to this unfamiliarity, they see even pitiful attributes as sinister. His bad eyesight is thought of as a stare. This reaction of the village acts just as a reaction of a human character. It is typical of the village to think this way. In this respect then, the village can be regarded as any other character would. It has attributes and a predictable nature. It is these collective attributes of the community that make Raveloe one character, with which Silas relationships revolve. His relationships and connections with the characters of the community provide the most significant points of interest in the novel. Initially, there is the theft of his gold by Dunsey, then his integration into the community with the help of Dolly and later his confrontation with Godfrey over the fate of Eppie. Dolly represents the warmer, caring part of the Raveloe community, opposite to William Dane, the bitter symbol of Silas past. She is described to seek the sadder and more serious elements of life and pasture her mind upon them. Dolly seems to almost gain sustenance from helping those in need, in this case Silas. She helps him with the upbringing of Eppie, offering clothes and her own time. She fulfils her found role in the community. Although she can be seen as the prime example of the villages moral capability, such sentiments are seen universally. When Silas informs the villagers of his lost gold, the villagers group together in order to help him. By entering The Rainbow, Silas enters the hub of the village community, beginning the process of his integration. After seeing the authenticity and depth of Silas grief, any former rumours disappear as the villagers begin to relate him to themselves, seeming anxious to help. The event acts as a rare source of excitement, as the villagers become incapable of distinguishing reality from imagination, fabricating information concerning a pedlar with ear-rings. However this all represents a symptomatic characteristic of the village a concern to help others. The villagers reaction concerning the pedlar, is an indication of another key characteristic of Raveloe a belief in superstition. Although the villagers provide lengthy descriptions of this so called thief, we know that no such character even exists. It is an example of how, in such close cut communities, little matters, true or false, can be embellished, escalating into common belief, leading to the creation of new superstitions. Silas is initially associated with the devil and spirit worship. These suspicions are only heightened by his apparent skill with herbal remedies, his strange cataleptic fits, as well as his past home, Northard, where wizards, magic and folklore were associated. However his evident massive bereavement following the loss of his gold dispels any former rumours. Much of this superstition originates from the villagers discussions in the Rainbow, an important focus of the novel. This can be seen in the tale of Cliffs Holiday, a well known rehearsed tale. Mr Macey, the apparent head of this specific social community, describes how a tailor, known as Cliff, had tried to ride the tailor out of his son, attempting rising up the class system by making a gentleman out of his son. The story however ends with the son dying, and Cliff following him soon after. The story entails much superstition, mentioning old Harry, a euphemism for the devil, suggesting this unnatural desire to climb the class system was responsible for the death of the boy. The villagers, opposite to Cliff, are in fact very accepting of what they have been given. They feel content with what God has given them. Their pre-occupation is not to rise out of poverty but to merely co-operate with each other in order to make it bearable. This is seen in Dollys clear desire to help anyone in need, or at least to do the best she can. None of the villagers seem to complain about their conditions. They support Silas and each other. Another example of this is in Aarons desire to help Silas later on in the novel with his garden. He has no qualms about working in his spare time, he sees it as simply a decent thing to do. These sentiments would largely be a result of his mother, Dolly, and the way she brought him up. The meetings in the Rainbow are an important aspect of the social nature of Raveloe. Like going to Church, it is a social function. This religious aspect of Raveloe is alien to Silas due to his origins of the non-conformist Lantern Yard. He knows nothing of churches, only chapels. This complete lack of knowledge somewhat isolates him from the community; he does not go to church. However Dolly, is adamant that Eppie shall be brought up in the Raveloe faith and at the same time, introduces Silas back into religion. Both the working class are present in such functions as well as the gentry. The gentry are represented by the Cass family. The squire sees himself above the other members of the community, only becoming involved with them at festive, social occasions, such as the new-year party at the Red House. They are differentiated from the poor and, unlike Dolly, Mr Macey or any other members of the lower class community, represent little more than themselves. The Cass family are one of the villagers topics of discussion. They perceptively see the faults of the upper class just as they see faults in the lower classes. They take a specific disliking to Dunstan, due to his lack of respect of anyone, especially those below him. Godfrey is also seen as weak, Mr Macey describing him as a slack baked pie, commenting on his moral flaws. The primitive but nevertheless logical philosophy of, those who do well are rewarded while those who dont suffer, is apparently proven in both cases. Dunstan ends up dying due his greed, while, although it is unknown to them, because of his rejection of Eppie, Godfrey is seemingly punished by Nancy being unable to conceive. Silas innocence on the other hand, is eventually rewarded. He is blessed with Eppie, who changes his life. These conclusions follow the villagers moral code, maintaining justice. Categorically speaking, the village has a variety of overall attributes and a predictable nature so therefore can be described as a character. Furthermore, being the main focus of the novel, we can go on to suggest it is the main character. We are more aware of the values and nature of Raveloe as a whole than any specific character even Silas. All the main events of the novel are shaped by the village. Each personality of each character represents a different aspect of the village as a whole. These individual characters amount to create one, main character which dictates the narrative and plot of the novel. Elliots concentration on her depictions of the village, indicate that she desired it to be the main focus. Obviously Silas is important, however, it is the events that unfold around him in Raveloe that really influence the direction of the novel.

Sen’s Theorem: Overview and Analysis

Sen’s Theorem: Overview and Analysis Table of Contents (Jump to) 1. Introduction 2. A Review of Sen’s Theorem 3. The Rise of New Interpretation 4. Merits of the New Interpretation 5. Conclusion References 1. Introduction The Sen’s theorem has an important impact on the decision and social choice theory. In the Nobel Prize lecture of 1998, Sen said that discovering the societal decision rules will be the main objective of the choice theory. However, Sen found it is difficult to achieve this objective in his paper of â€Å"Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal† (Sen, 1970a, b, 1976c). Sen’s theorem states that it is impossible to achieve the minimal aspect of liberalism when it is combined with the Pareto condition. According to the theorem of Sen, it seems that there is a fundamental conflict between the Pareto welfare concepts and the liberalism. After this argument, there is a pooling of studies that focus on the individual rights and there are also studies that find new interpretation for the theorem of Sen. According to Saari and his collaborators, the cyclic decision outcomes established by Sens theorem describe a transitional, dysfunctional state of society. This essay will mainly explain how this interpretation arises and discuss its merits relative to the original interpretation offered by Sen. The essay will be structured as follow: in the second session, the essay will briefly introduce the Sen’s Theorem regarding to the conflicting results between Pareto Optimal and Liberalism. Examples will also be used to better illustrate the choice decisions. In the third session, the essay will how and why there will be new interpretations of the theorem of Sen. Particularly, the essay will base its argument on the research results of Saari and his collaborators. In the fourth session, the essay will discuss the merits of the new interpretation compared with the interpretation by Sen himself. In the last session, a brief conclusion will be made based on the analysis in the previous se ssion. 2. A Review of Sen’s Theorem The Sens impossibility of a paretian libertarian theorem or Sens paradox Paratian liberal states that weak Pareto criterion and liberalism may have conflicts on the fundamental level, which indicated that the Pareto criterion is flawed. On one hand, it shows that the Pareto criteria only consider aspects of difference in efficiency among relevant states while ignoring the individual utility conflicts arising because of these states. On the other hand, the theorem also shows the in addition to considering some reasonable internal conditions, one also needs to consider issues such as liberalism for social order decision making. According to Sen, there are some choices that are purely of personal nature, such as the state (x) means everything else in the society as ÃŽ ©, when A is sleeping supine, state (y) means everything else in society as ÃŽ ©, when A is sleeping prostrate. If A has a preference of y than x, while many others in the society prefer the opposite, then it can be consid ered that social choice between x and y is a purely personal thing, because A is the only a real person that is related to the choice while other people are just nosy person. It can also be considered that one can choose one such a collective choice rule where As preference should be accurately reflected by social preferences in this purely personal nature choices (Sen, 1970). Based on this point, Sen emphasizes that people should pay attention to the study of individual rights and other issues affecting the social choice order and decision making. The new welfare economics and welfare economics research before the new welfare economics are consciously or unconsciously avoid these problems. Sen (1970) found that the Pareto criterion is incompatible with liberalism. Pareto optimality is used by the economists and other social scientists to measure the efficiency of society, which is also the the most common and widespread, even the only indicator. It refers to such a state that we are good as it gets, no one can make an additional welfare without compromising the welfare of others. And the principles of individual freedom are the relentless pursuit of mankind, both of which are on the intuition that people can fully accept and understand. However, Sens theorem shows that these two attractive standards are contradictory and cannot be simultaneously true. 3. The Rise of New Interpretation There are three assumptions that Sen’s theorem is based on and the realistic of these assumptions will be one reason why there will be new interpretations for the Sen’s theorem. First, the essay will briefly introduce the assumptions related to the Sen’s theorem. An unrestricted area principle; The Pareto principle; The minimum principles of liberalism (ML), which states society should give at least two people the right to choose between at least a pair of social status. If one thinks that A better than B, then society should not interfere and should agree with the preference. With Sens words, if you want sleeping supine and did not want to sleep prostrate, the society should agree with it. However, Sen also prove that for two or more people in the society, there exist no social choice functions that simultaneously satisfy these above three conditions because there will be the similar results of cyclical Condorcet voting paradox revealed by Arrow Impossibility Theorem when Pareto optimal is in combination with a minimum principle of liberalism. Sen’s theorem on freedom of the Pareto impossibility can be accurately described as: there does not exist the collective decision rule that meets the following conditions. The first condition is a sort of rational conditions. The sort is reflexive, relevance, and the preference relation is not circulating. Reflexive means for any choice x has xRx, which indicates that any choice is at least as good as its own. Relevance means for any two options, there must be xRy or yRx or both. The second condition is weak Pareto criterion. For any choice of x and y, if everyone i think xPiy, then the society also thinks that xPy. The third condition is the minimal liberalism. In this condition, there are two non-empty, disjoint subsets L1 and L2, two different options for the (a, b) and (c, d), if everyone in L1 considers a is better than b, then the society also thinks that a is better than b; if everyone in L1 thinks that b is better than a, then b is also better than a for the society. Similarly, if everyone in L2 believes that c is better than d, then the society also thinks that c is better than d; if everyone in L2 thinks d is better than c, then the society t hinks also that d is better than c. The two groups were decisive on the choice between the two groups. Anyone is free to do what he likes to do, which means there are some choices that are entirely personal, personal preferences should not be affected by some other people. How to walk out of Sens paradox? Mueller has proposed two solutions in the â€Å"public choice theory . One is to let the Pareto principle in some cases to comply with the right to liberalism. The other is through Pareto transactions. As Mueller noted, the matrix is similar to game theory, for example a state in the famous prisoners dilemma, and the Pareto inferior results are due to the independent exercise of each person in his own right, regardless of the damage to others such externalities. The results of Sen’s theorem are established mainly through examples. There are no rigorous proofs on the results why there will be inconsistency of minimal liberalism and Pareto conditions. The results are basically based on the assumption that there are conflicts between the Pareto Conditions and the Minimal Liberalism. There are questions keep asking whether the assumption is true and what if the cyclic societal rankings are not due to these conditions? In fact, in 1998 and 2001, Saari argues that the real reason of the seminal result of Sen’s theorem is not related to the nature of the Pareto condition and the Minimal Liberalism. The reason is that Pareto conditions and Minimal Liberalism needs the societal rankings to be made over pairs, which dismiss the transitivity of individual preferences. Therefore, it is not the conflicts between societal need and individual rights that undermine the assumption of individual rationality; it is the concentration of pairs that leads to the ignorance of individual rationality. And Saari also made geometric proof on this argument, which provides a new interpretation for the Sen’s theorem. 4. Merits of the New Interpretation There are several advantages of the new interpretation compared to the one that Sen present in the original version. First of all, the theorem carried out by Saari and his collaborates are proved using geometric proof, instead of using only examples and assumptions to derive the final results. In addition, the new interpretation can explain all the examples used by Sen in his prior papers and the new interpretation also supports Sen’s own interpretation that the three conditions in Sen’s theorem force the decisions to be made by ignoring the individual rationality. The new interpretation also thinks that the decision rule also wants to meet the demand in the cyclic preference (Saari 2001; Saari and Petron, 2004). Secondly, the geometric proof of the new interpretations has identified all possible profiles that support any examples of Sen’s model. In addition, Saari and his collaborates have also significantly expanded on earlier observations by providing a new statistical interpretation for Sen’s Theorem. And they also conclude that the cyclic decision outcomes established by Sens theorem describe a transitional, dysfunctional state of society. Thirdly, the new interpretation has pointed a new direction for the movements of individual rights. Compared with the interpretation by Sen, the new interpretation focus more on the intensity minimal liberalism, which will leads to social decision procedures without cyclic outcomes and at the same time satisfy weak Pareto conditions. They pointed out the deeper reason of the ignorance of individual rationality instead of concluding that the reason is because of the inconsistency of the Pareto condition and the Minimal Liberalism. 5. Conclusion As discussed in the previous session, the Sen’s theorem provides a good direction for the research of individual rights. And there are many researchers working on the topic to find new interpretation for the seminal results of Sen’s theory. Saari and his collaborates find that Minimal Liberalism makes some of the information in the society irrelevant. However, depending on that information, individual preferences may or may not be transitive. Therefore, they conclude that Minimal Liberalism makes transitivity information irrelevant and this happens for any possible example of Sen’s cycles. They find a way to solve this problem and the response to this is to modify Minimal Liberalism in a way that is sensitive to transitivity information. They use the Intensity Minimal Liberalism (IML), which is a decisive that agent can impose his preferences only when the choice does not create a strong negative externality for some other agent. And they finally find that there are social decision procedures without cyclic outcomes that satisfy weak Pareto and IML, which provides a new interpretation for the Sen’s theorem. The new interpretation finds a more appropriate way to proof Sen’s theorem and expends Sen’s theorem in several aspects. References Li, I. and D.G. Saari 2008. ‘Sen’s theorem: geometric proof, new interpretations’, Social Choice and Welfare 31: 393-413. Focus especially on pages 393-401. Petron, A and D.G. Saari 2006. `Negative externalities and Sens liberalism theorem, Economic Theory 28: 265-281. Read Sections 1 to 4. Saari, D. G. (1995). Basic Geometry of Voting, Springer-Verlag, New York Saari, D. G. (1998). Connecting and resolving Sen’s and Arrow’s Theorems, Social Choice Welfare 15, 239-261 Saari, D. G. (2001). Decisions and Elections; Explaining the Unexpected, Cambridge University Press, New York Saari, D. G., and Petron, A. (2004). (April), Negative Externalities and Sen’s Liberalism Theorem, IMBS working papers, University of California, Irvine, to appear in Economic Theory,June, 2006. Saari, D. G. and Sieberg, K. (2001). The sum of the parts can violate the whole, American Political Science Review 95, 415-433. Salles, M. (1997). On Modelling Individual Rights: Some Conceptual Issues: Discussion; p 129-133 in Social Choice Re-examined, Vol. 2; Ed. by K. J. Arrow, A. K. Sen, and K. Suzumura,St Martin’s Press New York. Sen, A. K. (1966). A Possibility Theorem on Majority Decisions, Econometrica, 34(2), 491-09. Sen, A. K. (1970a). Collective Choice and Social Welfare, Holden-Day, San Francisco. Sen, A. K. (1970b). The Impossibility of a Paretian Liberal, The journal of Political Economy, 78(1), 152-57. Sen, A. K. (1976). Liberty, Unanimity and Rights, Economica 43(171), 217-45. Sen, A. K., Liberty and Social Choice, Journal of Philosophy, 80(1), 5-28. Sen, A. K. (1992) Minimal Liberty, Economica, 59 (234), 139-60. Sen, A. K. (1999) The possibility of social choice. The American Economic Review 89 (3), 349-378

Jane Eyre Essay -- essays papers

Jane Eyre The novel, Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte delivers a strong feminist message. Jane was a strong woman in a time when women were not meant to be strong. She was very out spoken (even as a child) and very sure in her values and opinions. She would not change them for anyone. She did not even let men control her, which is what was expected of women in this era. Jane’s father died when she was a little girl, leaving her basically on her own. The only kin she had that she knew of was an aunt that saw her as nothing but a burden and treated her cruelly. Her three cousins were just as bad, which further distressed her situation. Jane’s only escape from living with these awful people was the solitude she found in books. Any time she had spare time she would read. It is Jane’s love for reading and the knowledge she gained from them that gives her the power to finally stand up to her aunt. Her aunt ultimately gets rid of Jane by sending her to a very strict boarding school designed for orphans called Lowood. At Lowood Jane befriends a girl by the name of Helen Burns. When she first meets Helen, she sees her being punished in front of her entire class for virtually no reason. After witnessing this incident, Jane talks to Helen about it because she does not understand why she did not resist the teacher she says: You are good to those who are good to you. It is all I ever desire to be. If people were always kind and obedient to those who are cruel and unjust, the wicked people would have it all their own way: they would never feel afraid, and so they would never alter, but would grow worse and worse. When we are struck at without a reason, we should strike back again very hard; I am sure we sho... ...he now has complete financial independence which I believe makes her more secure in returning to Thornfield because she is in need of nothing but peace of mind in knowing that Mr. Rochester is alright. When she gets to Thornfield she finds it burnt to the ground. Mr. Rochester has gone blind and is very deformed after he went into the fire to try and save his wife from the burning house. His attempt had failed and his wife died. So in the end, Jane can now be with the person that she loves - Mr. Rochester. The irony of their marriage is that Jane will be the one taking care of Mr. Rochester instead of the other way around. Throughout the novel, Jane stands up for what she believes in even though in some cases it hurts her very badly. By her not being scared to do what it takes to follow her beliefs she went from a girl who had nothing to a woman who had it all.

Local Color and the Stories of Alice Dunbar-Nelson and Kate Chopin :: Biography Biographies Essays

Local Color and the Stories of Alice Dunbar-Nelson and Kate Chopin      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Blending the best elements from the French-Acadian culture and from the Old South, the Creole culture of Louisiana is one the richest and most fascinating areas for study. Kate Chopin and Alice Dunbar-Nelson are both writers who have brought this place and the people who live there to life through their writing. Because of their strong literary ties to Louisiana and the Creole culture, Dunbar-Nelson and Chopin have both, at times, been classified as "local-color" writers, a term not always welcomed by authors and one that is not always meant to be kind by critics. In her essay "Varieties of Local Color," Merrill Maguire Skaggs notes that "the local-color label has occasionally been used to denigrate the exceptional fiction of several twentieth-century women" (219). The derrogitory classification as "local color" writers has at times ensnared Chopin, Dunbar-Nelson and other nineteenth-century writers, both male and female. The local-color label can (and often is) taken to mean that the work has only a narrow appeal as a "novelty" piece about the eccentricities of a particular place. What the critics fail to realize, however, is that local-color writers, good local- color writers like Chopin and Dunbar-Nelson, use their fiction not just to record the lives of people in an area, but to show how people in these places encounter issues that have universal value and react to them according to their own values and environment. Some of the local-color short stories of Chopin and Dunbar-Nelson have the biting undercurrent of naturalism, some are more idyllic in their portrayal of Creole life, but all have a story to tell to the perceptive reader.    The stories Kate Chopin tells come from the customs and people she observed during the time she spent in Cloutierville, near her husband's family plantation (Rowe 230). The endurance of Chopin's work is a tribute to her understanding of the local-color genre. Jim Miller expresses what Chopin must have known: "place is not simply natural terrain, but locale plus the human element" (15).    "Love on the Bon-Dieu" is an excellent example of how Chopin uses the places and people of south Louisiana to tell a story. "Love on the Bon-Dieu" is an old fashioned love story, set in the Creole culture where there is a consciousness of class status, a holdover from the pre-Civil War days when Creole aristocrats controlled large plantations. Local Color and the Stories of Alice Dunbar-Nelson and Kate Chopin :: Biography Biographies Essays Local Color and the Stories of Alice Dunbar-Nelson and Kate Chopin      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Blending the best elements from the French-Acadian culture and from the Old South, the Creole culture of Louisiana is one the richest and most fascinating areas for study. Kate Chopin and Alice Dunbar-Nelson are both writers who have brought this place and the people who live there to life through their writing. Because of their strong literary ties to Louisiana and the Creole culture, Dunbar-Nelson and Chopin have both, at times, been classified as "local-color" writers, a term not always welcomed by authors and one that is not always meant to be kind by critics. In her essay "Varieties of Local Color," Merrill Maguire Skaggs notes that "the local-color label has occasionally been used to denigrate the exceptional fiction of several twentieth-century women" (219). The derrogitory classification as "local color" writers has at times ensnared Chopin, Dunbar-Nelson and other nineteenth-century writers, both male and female. The local-color label can (and often is) taken to mean that the work has only a narrow appeal as a "novelty" piece about the eccentricities of a particular place. What the critics fail to realize, however, is that local-color writers, good local- color writers like Chopin and Dunbar-Nelson, use their fiction not just to record the lives of people in an area, but to show how people in these places encounter issues that have universal value and react to them according to their own values and environment. Some of the local-color short stories of Chopin and Dunbar-Nelson have the biting undercurrent of naturalism, some are more idyllic in their portrayal of Creole life, but all have a story to tell to the perceptive reader.    The stories Kate Chopin tells come from the customs and people she observed during the time she spent in Cloutierville, near her husband's family plantation (Rowe 230). The endurance of Chopin's work is a tribute to her understanding of the local-color genre. Jim Miller expresses what Chopin must have known: "place is not simply natural terrain, but locale plus the human element" (15).    "Love on the Bon-Dieu" is an excellent example of how Chopin uses the places and people of south Louisiana to tell a story. "Love on the Bon-Dieu" is an old fashioned love story, set in the Creole culture where there is a consciousness of class status, a holdover from the pre-Civil War days when Creole aristocrats controlled large plantations.

Analysis of the Guiness Trust LTD Business Plan Essay -- essays resear

For any successful business such as the Guinness Trust one needs to have a business plan, which normally comprises of a 5 year plan detailing their operating plans. The plan details where you are now, where you want to be and your plan for growth. In short this is a blue print of the steps needed to build any business. A business plan is often required to obtain monetary funds, whether from investors or local government. Potential investors will look at the strength of the plan before your business is considered for investment, they will be looking for a plan which indicates a healthy return of profit. With good business plans instilled, investors will want to join any successful business such as the Parchment Housing Group Ltd which joined as part of the Guinness Trust Group. This plan also helps to structure the financial side of any business, but essentially it helps to raise funds if required. The plan is not just for banks and investors but is a guide post for employees. It al so demonstrates to people that you are worth supporting and communicates to staff and other interested parties in what direction you are heading. Guinness Trust Business plan stated how they were able to focus their efforts, set objectives, what its priorities are, stated their vision, what their core values are and set which way the company was heading. It also enabled it to set realistic targets that allow some flexibility without deviating away from their core objectives. The Guinness trust have sound and comprehensive plans which includes the Strategic Plan , the five year action plan, environmental plan ,construction clients charter action plan and the national action plan. With these plans they are able to sustain a viable business which... ... hardly in companies and nobody had ever heard of e-mails, let alone mobile phones, internet or the company intranet. Present Day companies need to be aware of the latest technologies to be able to stay in competition, and possibly improve their products. Lastly legal constraints which all though not part off the PEST analysis but is part of PESTLE and SLEPT analysis I feel its still just as important as the rest of the categories of PEST. Factors such as changes in law and regulations are such issues that companies need to be aware of and to anticipate in which changes may affect the way they perform. Looking at the business plan of the Guinness Trust Ltd they have more than just covered the basic contents of a business plan when you read it, it leaves you in no doubt that they have covered every aspect that might be asked of them from any future investor.

Heathcliff of Wuthering Heights Essay

Wuthering Heights is Emily Brontes only novel, published in 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. Wuthering Heights is the name of the manor around which the story centers. Wuthering is also a Yorkshire word which refers to turbulent weather. The novel tells the account of the sweeping and fanatical love between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw, and how this unresolved obsession ultimately destroys them and others around them. The character I chose was that of Heathcliffs, around whom the story centers. The first paragraph of the novel provides a vivid picture of him, as Lockwood describes meeting him; â€Å"A capital fellow! He little imagined how my heart warmed towards him when I beheld his black eyes withdraw so suspiciously under their brows, as I rode up, and when his fingers sheltered themselves, with a jealous resolution, still further in his waistcoat.. †. (Bronte). The novel begins with his introduction into the Earnshaw family, his revengeful scheming drives the whole plot, and his death ends the book. The want to understand his complicated character and his vengeful motivations has kept incalculable readers engaged in the novels since its inception in the literary world. Bronte spun a complex Heathcliff who defies being understood, and the charm of this multifaceted character has fascinated readers and will continue to do so evermore. The novel torments the reader with the likelihood that Heathcliff is something other than what he seems – that his malice is simply an expression of unrequited love for Catherine, or that his menacing behavior serves to hide the soul of passionate hero. However, his malice proves so great and long-lasting that it cannot be sufficiently explained even as a desire for vengeance against Hindley, Catherine, Edgar, etc. As he himself points out in the novel, his mistreatment of Isabella is purely sadistic, as he amuses himself how much cruelty she can take and still comes back for more. Critic Joyce Carol argues that Emily Bronte does the same thing to the reader that Heathcliff does to Isabella, testing to see how many times the reader can be shocked by Heathcliff’s unwarranted violence and still, masochistically, insist on seeing him as a romantic hero. (Oates 48). Heathcliff arrived in the Earnshaw family by mere chance. Mr. Earnshaw found a boy who looked like a gypsy and had been apparently deserted on the streets of Liverpool. He brought the child home to join his own family and named him after his son who had died. All the members of the household were opposed to the introduction of the strange boy, in particular the Earnshaw children, who detested the darked-skinned Heathcliff. But Catherine quickly comes to love Heathcliff, and they become inseparable, spending many a day playing on the moors. After his wife’s death, Mr. Earnshaw begins to love Heathcliff to his own son, and when Hindley persists his cruelty to Heathcliff, Mr Earnshaw sends Hindley away to college, keeping Heathcliff nearby. Three years later, Hindley returns home after his father’s death to inherit Wuthering Heights and brings a wife with him. Hindley seeks revenge on Heathcliff. Heathcliff then finds himself treated as a common labourer, forced to work in the fields. Heathcliff leaves Wuthering Heights, staying away for three years, and returns shortly after Catherine and Edgar’s marriage. When he returns, he immediately sets about seeking revenge on all who wronged him. He lends large amounts of money to the drunken Hindley, knowing that Hindley will increase his debts and fall into deeper despondency. When Hindley dies, Heathcliff inherits the manor. He also places himself in line to inherit Thrushcross Grange by marrying Isabella Linton, who he treats very cruelly. Catherine gets ill, gives birth to a daughter, and dies. Isabella flees to London and gives birth to Heathcliff’s son, named Linton after her family. Isabella dies thirteen years later, and Linton comes to live with his father, who treats his sickly, whining son even more cruelly than he treated his mother. Three years later, young Catherine meets Heathcliff on the moors, and makes a visit to Wuthering Heights to meet Linton. She and Linton begin a secret romance, but it soon becomes evident that Linton is pursuing Catherine only because Heathcliff is forcing him. Heathcliff forces Catherine to marry Linton, who dies very shortly afterwards. Edgar is also dead. Catherine is forced to live as a common servant at Wuthering Heights, while Thrushcross Grange is rented to Mr. Loockwood. Although Catherine originally mocked Hareton’s ignorance and illiteracy (in an act of retribution, Heathcliff ended Hareton’s education after Hindley died), Catherine grows to love Hareton as they live together at Wuthering Heights.. Heathcliff becomes more and more obsessed with the memory of the elder Catherine, to the extent that he begins speaking to the ghost. Everything reminds of her. Shortly after a night spent walking on the moors, Heathcliff dies. Hareton and Catherine plan to be married, and they inherit Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange after Heathcliff’s death. The most hauntingly beautiful aspect about this novel is the extent of Heathcliffs love for Catherine even after her rejection of him (although she professed ever-lasting love) by marrying Edger. His love survives the rejection and continues undaunted. His loyalty to her is unwavering in spite of the emotional rejection. When Catherine falls ill, he exclaims that life without her would be hell. Her death kills his love for her and he focuses his existence on exacting revenge. His thwarted passion converts into an obsession for destruction and revenge. The love that Catherine and Heathcliff share is not mere romantic love; nor is it based on physical attraction. It is a coming together of souls, as they professed to be soul-mates. Heathcliffs motivations and brutality can be understood to some extent when one brings into consideration the cruelty he had to endure as a child at the hands of the superior richer classes. He becomes persistent, and anti social to protect himself from the humiliation suffered in his earlier years. He is the incarnation of pauperization masses rejected by the system as human refuse; and his revenge can be seen as that of accumulated class hatred which brings down members of the privileged social class. He was only a child when he wished to avenge Hindley; ‘I’m trying to settle how I shall pay Hindley back. I don’t care how long I wait, if I can only do it last. I hope he will not die before I do it. ’ (Bronte 64). The root of his bitterness is the consequences of the actions of the adults towards him. The recollection of the humiliation which he experience in his childhood left a devastating effect on him, impressed upon his soul like a heated iron; the undeserving spanking from Hindley and the contempt of the Lintons who exclaimed that there was no place for a gypsy in a decent house. Their daughter Isabelle, whom he later married, detested him and suggested to her father to throw him into the basement, while Edgar compared his hair to the mane of a horse. But the cruelest were Catherine’s words: ‘It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Bronte 80) The basic motivation of Heathcliff’s actions has a social background. From the beginning of the novel and most likely from the beginning of his life, he has endured rejection and pain. When he is brought to Wuthering Heights by Mr. Earnshaw, he is viewed as a thing rather than a child. The subject of revenge is so important in Wuthering Heights that it is compared to a renaissance tragedy of revenge: Admiration provoked by such a creature fascinates imagination and we are almost terrified by this creature, but still, he was added a trait of kindness which will make us feel compassion, almost respect. (Kovacevic, p. 268 ). Heathcliff’s character is emotionally explicable; from the first memories of Nelly Dean, his portrait was built in front of the reader. He was a sullen, patient child; hardened, perhaps, to ill-treatment: he would stand Hindley’s blows without winking or shedding a tear. Heathcliff’s revenge occupies the biggest part of the book. His hatred takes on sick proportions and includes even his own son Linton and Catherine’s daughter. His cruelty and embitterers were necessary to Emily Bronte so that his infatuation could be exaggerated to incredible proportions. In spite of that, Heathcliff doesn’t seem to be a man lacking a conscience or a pathological sadist. At the end of the novel, when Heathcliff’s revenge has subsided in the sequence of crimes, he suffered most: after Catherine’s death he is left without his life’s goal, unhappy, and wished for spiritual peace which only her grave could give him. ? Works Cited Bronte, Emily, Wuthering Heights, 1847. Kovacevic, I. Istorija Engleske, Wuthering Heights, a Selection of Critical Essays. Beograd, 1979. Oates, Carol, The Magnanimity of Wuthering Heights, Originally published in Critical Inquiry, Winter 1983. Reprinted in The Profane Art : Essays and Reviews.

Racism and Anti-Semitism in the United States

Racism and Anti-Semitism in the United States Racism and Anti-Semitism in the United States With The election of the first black president of the United States, Barrack Obama people believed it to be the end of racism in the U. S. Although The United States has made tremendous progress and racism and anti-Semitism are discouraged and not tolerated in many U. S. organizations, it is still a wide spread problem facing Americans today. There are large amounts of evidence reguarding racial profiling in our justice systems, schools, and financial institutions.Hate crimes and race inflicted vandalism continue to be a problem in our culture. It is apparent that even though we have made great strides away from racism the United States still continues to struggle with acts racism and Anti-Semitism. Racism can be found throughout the United States, from government to schools and even churches. While most would say that Obama was elected because of dedication to public service, intelligence and a great campaign, others would argue it was more than that that got him his presidency. With everything the U. S. as experiencing from wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, increasing unemployment, People were reaching for any kind of change that could have made a difference. Since President Obama came into office there has been a 400% increase of threats since President George W. Bush, reaching the highest number of threats in history (Chelala, 2010). This can be mostly contributed to the race of president Obama, while threats against the president are common due to policy and beliefs there are many groups whom do not wish to have a black man running the country.Racism can also be found in our law enforcement systems, in the form of racial stereotypes. While these racial stereotypes have lessened over the years, and become less apparent, or common, there are still many concerns about its presents in our legal system. Though racial stereotyping is illegal the statistical evidence is overwh elming. In an article by D. E Rogers, He argues that â€Å"Simply being an African-American greatly increases your chances of being pulled over by police. One study in Maryland found that 76 percent of motorists stopped on a stretch of highway wereAfrican-Americans, while African-Americans only held 20 percent of all drivers licenses in the state† (Rogers, 2010). In another study, published by Stanford Business, Lowery demonstrates â€Å"how racial stereotypes subtly operate in the penal system. Los Angeles police and probation officers were asked to make judgments about a hypothetical adolescent (whose race was not identified) who had allegedly either shoplifted or assaulted a peer. Certain officers were first subliminally exposed towards commonly associated with African Americans (such as ghetto, homeboy, dreadlocks, etc. on a rapidly flashing computer screen so that they took in the information subconsciously. In contrast to subjects who did not receive this â€Å"primin g,† officers with the subconscious messaging attributed more negative traits and greater culpability to the hypothetical offenders, and they endorsed harsher punishment—all typical responses to black as opposed to white offenders. â€Å"What's particularly interesting is that many of the officers were African Americans themselves,† Lowery notes. â€Å"This shows the degree to which even African Americans can be affected by the negative associations in the environment† (Rigoglioso, 2008).African-Americans are one of the highest groups to be stereotyped there are many other groups that are targeted as well. According to American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) since the event of September 11th 2001, Muslims, Arabs and other Middle Eastern citizens are widely targeted by law enforcement and other organizations. This set of stereotypes has become more targeted than African Americans do to the uncertainty of their crimes or what they are capable of. Citizens of Mi ddle Eastern decent are not only stereotyped on the streets but in businesses and air ports. September 11 had a substantial impact on Arab American communities. In every site, Arab Americans described heightened levels of public suspicion exacerbated by increased media attention and targeted government policies (such as special registration requirements, voluntary interviews, and the detention and deportation of community members). Although community members also reported increases in hate victimization, they expressed greater concern about being victimized by federal policies and practices than by individual acts of harassment or violence† (Henderson, Ortiz, Sugie ; Miller, 2006).Today racism is discouraged and crimes against race or hate crimes are a federal offence. Most Americans who do experience racist thoughts and or ideas would most likely never admit to them, and yet there are still increasing numbers of acts of racism in our country. â€Å"Even among the most well-i ntentioned and consciously egalitarian people non-conscious associations about ethnic groups still have a pernicious effect on behavior and attitudes†(Rigoglioso, 2008).Lowery also explains that his research â€Å"confirms that children who identify strongly with parental figures tend pick up their parents' racial views† (Rigoglioso, 2008). This observation can be both bad and yet promising, because children can also pick up and spread non-racist behaviors as well. Though groups such as the Ku Klux Klan and other racist organizations are social out casts, they are still existent in American culture today, but do not freely announce their beliefs in the streets as they did many years ago.So does the evidence remains in the continuous acts of violence that are apparent to racial aspects? From beatings to killings and all around cruel behavior towards and against many different races all across the United States continue to take place daily and numbers continue to rise. Is the American culture truly free from Racism and Anti-Semitism? There are those who believe that Racism is going away or has even become non- existent in the United States.Many people sometimes refer to this as racism denial, those who do not see or choose not to see the growing racial occurrences in the United States. Racism is defiantly not as blatant as it once was, is it possible that we have just moved on or transitioned to a new definition of racism? It can be said the new form of racism is in the denial of racism. According to John McWhorter, racism in America is gone; he stated that even though Americans will continue to be imperfect, and races will still be stereotyped, some races will still receive special treatment or different treatment than others.But he believes that as a whole or majority of America has moved past racism as it is no longer a huge problem in the United States, as it once was in the past (McWhorter, 2008). Most who believe that racism in the United Stat es of America is over, believe that it officially ended in 2008 when we elected our first black president. These people or groups of people can most likely be categorized as denying racism. Does the election of a black president truly mark the end of racism in our country? America will always suffer from the results of slavery and will always be tarnished with these memories.But for many years America has allowed citizens of every race to achieve anything and attend any school, but the fact remains that some Americans hold racial beliefs and tend to target or inflict these beliefs on others. So maybe America as a country is no longer suffering from racism, but the evidence remains that many Americans as individuals still hold to racist beliefs. So due to continued acts of racist crimes, comments and stereotyping found in our schools, law enforcement and business, the fact remains there is still racism in our country, even if we choose not to see it or acknowledge it.The election of a black present was a great turning point for our country but was not the end of racism and anti- Semitism for the United States of America. References Chelala, C. (2010, April 02). Is racism still alive in America? Retrieved from https://www. commondreams. org/view/2010/04/02-7Hillen, John. Henderson, N. , Ortiz, C. , Sugie, N. , & Miller, J. (2006, June). Law enforcement & arab american community relations after september 11, 2001. Retrieved from http://www. vera. org/download? file=147/Arab+American+community+relations. pdf McWhorter, J. 2008, December 30). Racism in America is over. Retrieved from http://www. forbes. com/2008/12/30/end-of-racism-oped-cx_jm_1230mcwhorter. html Rigoglioso, M. (2008, January 01). Racial stereotypes can be unconscious but reversible . Retrieved from http://www. gsb. stanford. edu/news/research/hr_racialstereotypes. shtml Rogers, D. E. (2010, June 30). Racism vs. African-Americans in America. Retrieved from http://theworldofdavid. wordpress. com/2010 /06/30/racism-vs-african-americans-in-america-today-at-a-glance/ http://www. aclu. org/racial-justice/racial-profiling

My Inspiration on my life Essay

As I thought of who I admired most and was successful at their job, I began to think of famous people and people involved in my academic and athletic careers. I realized that I was looking at the wrong people in my life. These people have passed through my life, yet the person who had the most impact was one who affected me every day. My mother, by far, has had the greatest impact on my life and I admire her far more than anyone else. Her heart and determination are something that I can only hope that I too will someday have. The reason my mom is successful at her job and I admire her so much is that, without her I would not be able to do the basic things that I do today. She taught me so much and has had a huge impact on my life. My mother may not be the top of the charts at her job that she works on the week days (Working at the Pentagon), but she over achieves in her job of being a mom. She is successful at her job because she was able to raise my sister and me to be the people we are today, from the very beginning of our life to now. I have watched her struggle with running a household, giving my sister and me rides, and working every week at her job. I did not realize as a young child how much courage, strength, and determination it took to take on this work. She never hesitated to drop everything to rush my sister and me to dance, soccer, church, or wherever we needed to go. I could always look up from the sidelines of a game to see her cheering me on. She has never given up on me and she always tries her hardest to do what’s best for me. I admire my mom far more than anyone because even though she might have been having the busiest day of her life, she always somehow made time for family. She also taught me that if you believe in yourself you can achieve anything. She would push me harder to help me accomplish my goals and she taught me to do things with 110% effort. My mom has shown me that with determination and perseverance one can accomplish a nything. I have seen my mother give up as she struggled to be a better person, raise a family, and work a job, but she has always supported me in all my choices. She strived to make my sister and me strong people with independent minds. I look to her in hopes that someday I will be as happy, as strong, and as well-spoken as her. She has taught me the most important thing in life – never give up on your dreams. I thank her dearly for helping me become who I am today. I would have never made it as far as I have without her help. Read more:Â  The person I admire essay example

Hedy Lamarr

Now I wish to talk about barriers that women amateurs face in working in science and technology. Lamarr is a great example of how an amateur can both overcome and be stopped by barriers. Just a little background info, Hedy Lamarr was an Austrian –American actress who was also known to be the most beautiful woman in Hollywood in her time. You might think what does she have to do with what have been said before this. Well, she was the brains who basically started it all, the spread-spectrum technology which enabled Wi-Fi and cellular networks to be available to us today!Lamarr knew about a real problem. It was during World War 2 when she thought, how can one safely control a torpedo with a radio signal? This was important, since torpedoes were not very accurate and the ability to remotely control them could be immensely valuable. The difficulty in using a radio signal to control a torpedo is essentially the problem of jamming. If you tried to control your torpedo by a signal, ev entually the enemy will find out the frequency you are using.Once this is known they could jam your control signal by putting out a strong noise signal on the given frequency. Lamarr had a solution. Her brilliant idea was to use frequency hopping—her invention. Lamarr also found a co-inventor, George Antheil, who was also an avant-garde composer, who laid out a system based on 88 frequencies, corresponding to the number of keys on a piano, using perforated paper rolls which would turn in sync with one another, transmitting and receiving ever-changing frequencies, preventing interception and jamming.They then submitted the frequency hopping device to the national inventors council where they went on to file a patent application. Unfortunately, she did not succeed to release this idea to help during the war. There were other priorities faced by the US military, along with the decreasing number of resources that were being used to make other equipments and atomic bombs. Also, sh e isnt your usual inventor. Who would believe a Hollywood actress could help invent something useful for the war? Furthermore, she was ahead of technology.Spread-spectrum requires a fairly powerful digital computational ability. The technology that was available in 1940? s was very crude, and it is likely that it was essentially impossible to make her ideas work. BUT twenty years after its conceptualization, during the Cuban missile crisis, the first instance of large-scale military deployment of Lamarr and Antheil's frequency hopping technology was implemented– not for the remote-controlled guidance of torpedoes, but to provide secure communications among the ships involved in the naval blockade.Lamarr’s brilliant idea is used today in wireless communication. Not exactly as she envisioned in her original patented work, but nevertheless in ways that are clearly traceable to her ideas. Lamarr eventually got the recognition she deserved but 3 years before her death. She and her co-inventor Antheil won the 1997 Electronic Frontier Foundation Pioneer Award. She also won the BULBIE that is called the â€Å"Oscar† of inventing. Hedy Lamarr had proved to being more than just a â€Å"pretty face†. My resources: http://rjlipton. wordpress. com/2010/07/25/hedy-lamarr-the-inventor/

Complexometric Titration of Calcium Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Complexometric Titration of Calcium - Lab Report Example In this experiment, the searchers are trying to perform a complex formation reaction for analytical purposes. The main aim of this titration reaction is to determine the presence of calcium ions in a titrant by a method referred to as titrimetric. The chemists use the common titrant referred to as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, (EDTA). This acid is commonly used in complex formation reactions because of its ability to form complexes with most metal ions because of its tetrabasic form. The EDTA acid molecule has a hexadentate ligand structure having four oxygen and two nitrogen molecules which donate atoms simultaneously. One major advantage of using EDTA as a chelating agent is because it forms a stable compound with most metals ions in a reacting ration of 1:1. Secondly, the reaction between EDTA and metal ions forms larger compound structures such that the reaction is product favored making it suitable for the reaction to proceed to full completion. These two major advantages mak e EDTA be the preferable titrant in most complex formation reactions. The purpose of this titration reaction is to determine the presence and concentration of calcium carbonate, (CaCO3) in an unknown solution sample. The known reagents in this reaction include the following: First, there is a known amount of Ammonia buffer solution. Secondly, there is Disodium EDTA dehydrate with an FW of 372.24. Thirdly, there is a calcium carbonate with an FW of 100.87 which is primary standard and dried for a period of about 2 hours at 100 0c.